feat(challenges): add prime-numbers-decomposition

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/README.md

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+# prime-numbers-decomposition
+
+Created by [@Divlo](https://github.com/Divlo) on 16 October 2021.
+
+## Instructions
+
+## Definition
+
+In mathematics, product decomposition of prime factors (also known as integer factorization into prime numbers) involves writing a strictly positive integer as a product of prime numbers.
+
+This factorization is unique and exists for all numbers and has many applications, particularly in RSA cryptography.
+
+**Note :** A prime number is a natural integer which admits exactly two distinct positive divisors. (1 and itself). Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19...
+
+## How to decompose a number into a product of factors of prime numbers?
+
+To find the product decomposition of prime factors of a number `N`, there is no mathematical formula. To achieve this, there are algorithms, the most basic of which attempts to divide the number `N` by the set of prime factors `p` which are less than `N`.
+If `p` is a divisor of `N` then start again by taking a new `N = N / p` as long as there are possible prime divisors.
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example
+
+#### Input
+
+```txt
+32
+```
+
+#### Output
+
+```txt
+2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
+```
+
+See the `test` folder for examples of input/output.

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/1/input.txt

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+4

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/1/output.txt

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+2 * 2

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/2/input.txt

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+151

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/2/output.txt

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+151

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/3/input.txt

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+32

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/3/output.txt

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+2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/4/input.txt

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+1358280

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/4/output.txt

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+2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 5 * 7 * 7 * 7 * 11

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/5/input.txt

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+1433250

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/5/output.txt

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+2 * 3 * 3 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 7 * 7 * 13

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/6/input.txt

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+31861

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/6/output.txt

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+151 * 211

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/7/input.txt

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+31243

challenges/prime-numbers-decomposition/test/7/output.txt

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+157 * 199