feat(challenges): add frequency-deviation

challenges/frequency-deviation/README.md

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+# frequency-deviation
+
+Created by [@theoludwig](https://github.com/theoludwig) on 16 September 2023.
+
+## Instructions
+
+Given a string consisting of lowercase English letters, we define the frequency deviation of a substring as the difference between the maximum and the minimum frequencies of the characters in that substring.
+
+A substring of a string is formed by any contiguous segment of the string. For example, given "bbacccc", the character appearing most frequently is 'c' with $4$ occurrences. The character that appears the fewest times is 'a' with $1$ occurrence. The frequency deviation of the entire string is $4 - 1 = 3$.
+
+Given a string, $s$, representing the input string, find the maximum possible frequency deviation of any of its substrings.
+
+### Constraints
+
+- $$1 \leq s.length \leq 10^4$$
+- $s$ consists of lowercase English letters.
+
+## Source
+
+- [LeetCode - Substring With Largest Variance](https://leetcode.com/problems/substring-with-largest-variance/)
+- [Twitter @CoderNolimit](https://twitter.com/CoderNolimit/status/1668147202173050881)
+
+## Examples
+
+See the `test` folder for examples of input/output.
+
+### Example 1
+
+#### Input
+
+```txt
+bbacccc
+```
+
+#### Output
+
+```txt
+3
+```
+
+### Example 2
+
+#### Input
+
+```txt
+aabb
+```
+
+#### Output
+
+```txt
+1
+```
+
+### Example 3
+
+#### Input
+
+```txt
+aaaaa
+```
+
+#### Output
+
+```txt
+0
+```

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/1/input.txt

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+bbacccc

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/1/output.txt

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+3

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/2/input.txt

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+aabb

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/2/output.txt

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+1

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/3/input.txt

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+aaaaa

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/3/output.txt

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+0

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/4/input.txt

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+bbacccabab

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/4/output.txt

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+2

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/5/input.txt

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+aababbb

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/5/output.txt

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+3

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/6/input.txt

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+abcde

challenges/frequency-deviation/test/6/output.txt

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+0