feat: add Defibrillators challenge and TypeScript solution

challenges/defibrillators/solutions/typescript-defibrilators/README.md

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+# typescript-defibrilators - defibrillators
+
+Programming language : TypeScript
+
+Created by [@Divlo](https://github.com/Divlo) on 18 February 2021.

challenges/defibrillators/solutions/typescript-defibrilators/solution.ts

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+function convertStringToFloat(string: string): number {
+  return parseFloat(string.replace(',', '.'))
+}
+
+class Position {
+  public longitude: number
+  public latitude: number
+
+  constructor(longitude: number, latitude: number) {
+    this.longitude = this.convertDegreesToRadian(longitude)
+    this.latitude = this.convertDegreesToRadian(latitude)
+  }
+
+  static distance(pointA: Position, pointB: Position): number {
+    const x =
+      (pointB.longitude - pointA.longitude) *
+      Math.cos((pointA.latitude + pointB.latitude) / 2)
+    const y = pointB.latitude - pointA.latitude
+    return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, 2) + Math.pow(y, 2)) * 6371
+  }
+
+  private convertDegreesToRadian(degrees: number): number {
+    return degrees * (Math.PI / 180)
+  }
+}
+
+class Defibrillator {
+  public id: string
+  public name: string
+  public address: string
+  public position: Position
+  public distance: number
+
+  constructor(array: string[], userPosition: Position) {
+    this.id = array[0]
+    this.name = array[1]
+    this.address = array[2]
+    this.position = new Position(
+      convertStringToFloat(array[array.length - 2]),
+      convertStringToFloat(array[array.length - 1])
+    )
+    this.distance = Position.distance(this.position, userPosition)
+  }
+}
+
+function solution(
+  longitudeInput: string,
+  latitudeInput: string,
+  defibrillatorsInput: string[]
+): string {
+  const longitude = convertStringToFloat(longitudeInput)
+  const latitude = convertStringToFloat(latitudeInput)
+  const userPosition = new Position(longitude, latitude)
+  const defibrillators = defibrillatorsInput.map((currentLine) => {
+    const line = currentLine.split(';;').join(';')
+    return new Defibrillator(line.split(';'), userPosition)
+  })
+  let defibrillatorResult = defibrillators[0]
+  for (let index = 1; index < defibrillators.length; index++) {
+    if (defibrillatorResult.distance > defibrillators[index].distance) {
+      defibrillatorResult = defibrillators[index]
+    }
+  }
+  return defibrillatorResult.name
+}
+
+export default solution